ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช 2024 ยท 13 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื“ื™ืจื” 2026

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืžืจืืฉ. ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืฆืขื” โ€” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืžืคื•ืจืกื, ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ืฆื”ืจืชื, ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ืžื”, ื”ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืŸ: ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืืช 13 ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืžื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืคืจืกืžืช ืžื™ ืžืฉืœืžืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืžื™ ืœื.

ื‘ืงืฆืจื”: ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” โ€” ืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื›ืกื” ื•ืžื” ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื•, ืœืžื™ ืžืชืื™ื ืžื‘ื ื”, ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืื• ืžืฉื•ืœื‘, ื•ืžื” ื ืžื“ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื 95 ื•ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœ-AIG, ืžื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื•ืง 88; ื‘ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืžื“ืช AIG, 100 ืœืขื•ืžืช 94 ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข.

ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื”?

ื›ื™ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืื•ืชื” ื“ื™ืจื”, ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื–ื• โ€” ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•ืœื” ื ื‘ื“ืœืช ืžื”ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืœื ืคืขื, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื›ืกื”. ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืื™ื ื” "ืžื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื–ื•ืœื”" ืืœื ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื: ืงื•ื“ื ืžื•ื•ื“ืื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืื– ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ื: ืžื•ืœ ืžื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืฉื™ื—ื”. ืขืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื ื” ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืžื•ื“ โ€” ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” AIG ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช (95 ืžื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข 88), ื•ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘-AIG. ื”ืžื“ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจ โ€” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืฆืขื”, ืœื ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื”.

ืžื” ืฉื ืžื“ื“: ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ 851,120 ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2024. ื–ื” ืœื ืกืงืจ ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืืชืจ โ€” ื–ื• ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ.

ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” โ€” ื•ืžื” ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“

ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืจืฉืžื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ืžื” ืžื™ื™ืงืจ ืื•ืชื•

ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื”: ืžื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืกื”, ืœืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืžื” ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื•
ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืกื” ืœืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื” ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืจืฆืคื”, ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื–ืง ืœื ื›ืก ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืจื” โ€” ื•ื”ื‘ื ืง ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคืขื™ืœื” ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ืฆื”ืจืชื, ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื”, ืกื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื”ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื, ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื’ื ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื”ืžื•ืฆื”ืจ, ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืขืจืš ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื ืคืจื“ืช
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ ื ื–ืง ืฉืืชื ื’ืจืžืชื ืœืื—ืจื™ื โ€” ื ื–ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ืœืฉื›ืŸ, ืื•ืจื— ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื“ื™ืจื”, ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืชืงืจืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื โ€” ื•ื–ื• ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ
ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ื ื–ืง ืžืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืœืชื›ื•ืœื”, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื ืคืจื“ืช ื•ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ โ€” ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื–ื™ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืกื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”

* ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืกื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ืฆื”ืจืชื ื•ืžืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื ื›ืก, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืฉืชื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“.

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” - ืžื” ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื?

ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืื™ื ื• ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ืืœื ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ โ€” ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ื›ื™ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืื™ื ื” ื ืฉืจืคืช โ€” ื•ื‘ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื™ ืฉืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืกื›ื•ื ื ืžื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื–ื™ืœ ืžื’ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžืžื ื• โ€” ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืงืจ.

ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ: ืชืงืจืช ืฆื“ ื’, ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื–ืงื™ ืžื™ื. ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” โ€” ื•ื”ื–ื•ืœื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื–ื•ืœื”, ืœื ืคืขื, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”.

ืžื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื”

ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืชื™ื™ืฉืŸ. ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื“ื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื•ืฉื•ื›ื— ืœืฉื ื™ื ืžื’ืœื” ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืขืœื• ืžืื– โ€” ื•ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื”ืจ, ืœื ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ื. ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืื ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”: ืžื‘ื ื” vs ืชื›ื•ืœื” vs ืžืฉื•ืœื‘

ืžื” ืžื›ืกื” ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืœืคื™ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจ, ื•ืœืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื”

ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจ ืœืคื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ืฆื”ืจืชื โ€” ืœื ืœืคื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • +ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ืชืงืจื” ื•ืจืฆืคื”
  • +ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืื™ื ืกื˜ืœืฆื™ื”
  • +ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื•ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื
  • +ืžืจืคืกื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช
  • +ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืžื•ื‘ื ื”

ืžื” ืœื ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • -ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื”
  • -ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ
  • -ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื
  • -ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืช

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช โ€” ื•ื”ื‘ื ืง ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื

ืœืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชื›ื•ืœื”

ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืฆื”ืจืชื ื•ืจืžืช ื”ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • +ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ
  • +ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื
  • +ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™
  • +ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื (ืขื“ ืชืงืจื” ืฉื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”)
  • +ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

ืžื” ืœื ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • -ื ื–ืงื™ื ืœืžื‘ื ื”
  • -ื‘ืœืื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™
  • -ื ื–ืงื™ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื
  • -ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืขืกืงื™

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ โ€” ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ื

ืœืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ (ืžื‘ื ื” + ืชื›ื•ืœื”)

ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืื—ืช โ€” ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • +ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื”
  • +ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื›ื•ืœื”
  • +ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืื—ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืข
  • +ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืื—ืช

ืžื” ืœื ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • -ื ื–ืงื™ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื
  • -ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื˜ืจื•ืจ (ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžืก ืจื›ื•ืฉ)
  • -ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืก

ืœืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื

ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื?

ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช: ืžื‘ื ื” (ื”ื‘ื ืง ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื) + ืชื›ื•ืœื” + ืฆื“ ื’. ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืื—ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืข, ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจืช ื›ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”.

ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื: ืชื›ื•ืœื” + ืฆื“ ื’. ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื›ื โ€” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœื•.

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื“ื™ืจื”

ืžื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ื›ืก ื’ื“ืœ โ€” ืœื ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื”

ืžื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื ื›ืก
ืกื•ื’ ื”ื ื›ืก ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง
ื“ื™ืจืช 2 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื: ืชื›ื•ืœื” + ืฆื“ ื’ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืงืœื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื ืืชื ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื
ื“ื™ืจืช 3 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ืœืคื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจ ื›ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ืงื• ืฉื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืžื•ืฆื”ืจืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™
ื“ื™ืจืช 4 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืžืจืคืกืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืจืš ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ + ืฆื“ ื’ ื‘ื“ืงื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœื—ืฆืจ ืื• ืœืžืจืคืกืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
ื“ื™ืจืช 5+ ื—ื“ืจื™ื / ืคื ื˜ื”ืื•ื– ืฉื˜ื— ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ ื’ืžืจ ื™ืงืจื™ื ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืขืจืš ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืขื ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืงืœื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืœืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืช
ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ / ืงื•ื˜ื’ืณ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื™ื ื”, ื’ื“ืจ ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืžื—ืกืŸ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืขื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”

ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžื—ืฉื”: ื ื–ื™ืœื” ืžื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืœืžืขืœื”

ืžื” ื ื™ื–ื•ืง

ื”ืชืงืจื” ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืข โ€” ืžื‘ื ื”. ื”ืกืคื”, ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื•ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ โ€” ืชื›ื•ืœื”. ื•ืžื•ืœ ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื’ืจื ืœื ื–ืง ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ืคืจื“ืช.

ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“

ื”ืชืงืจื” ืžืชื•ืงื ืช. ื”ืกืคื”, ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื•ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ โ€” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื›ื, ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืœื‘ื“.

ืขื ืžื‘ื ื” + ืชื›ื•ืœื” + ืฆื“ ื’

ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ื•ืชื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื” (ืชื—ืœื•ืฃ).

ืžื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ืืŸ: ืœื ื›ืžื” ืขืœืชื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืืœื ืื ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ืช, ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกื›ื•ื. ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื.

ืžื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื”?

6 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ืชืฉืœืžื• โ€” ื‘ืœื™ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืคืจืกื

ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื”. ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื•ื–ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื ื’ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”.

ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืจื”

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืื• ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืกืžื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจื™ื ืื—ืจืช. ื›ืžื” โ€” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”.

ืงื•ืžื” ื•ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ืงื•ืžื”, ื“ืœืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื–ืขืงื” ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื”. ื•ื“ืื• ืฉื”ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืจืฉื•ื ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” โ€” ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื ืกืคืจ ืžืขืฆืžื•.

ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืง, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง, ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจ ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ื‘ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”.

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช-ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ืชื™ืง ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ. ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” โ€” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื›ื, ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช.

ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื–ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืงืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืงื•ืจื” ืžืฉื”ื•.

ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ? ืงืจืื• ืืช ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœื ื•.

ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช: ืžื™ ืžืฉืœืžืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ืžื”ืจ

ื–ื• ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืฆืขื”. ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืืช 13 ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืžื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ืžืคืจืกืžืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื ืกื’ืจ ื”ืชื™ืง. ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื‘ืกื•ืœื ืขื“ 100; ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืžืกืžื ืช ืขืจืš ืฉืžืขืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืฉื•ืง.

AIG

ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื•
+7 ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข95
ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื™ืง
+6 ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข100

ืžืฉืœืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘-AIG

ืฉื•ืžืจื”

ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื•
+3 ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข91
ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื™ืง
ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืžืžื•ืฆืข94

ืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื•ืœื ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืœื™ื‘ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ืงืœืื™

ืœื™ื‘ืจื”

ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื•
+3 ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข91
ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื™ืง
-1 ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข93

ืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื•ืœื ื’ื ืืฆืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ืงืœืื™ ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื”

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ืงืœืื™

ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื•
+3 ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข91
ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื™ืง
-10 ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข84

ืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื•ืœื ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืœื™ื‘ืจื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื”

ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ

ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื•
+2 ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข90
ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื™ืง
+4 ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข98

ืžื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืื•ืžืจืช, ื•ืžื” ืœื

ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื AIG โ€” 95 ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืžื•ืฆืข 88 โ€” ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืชื™ืง AIG, 100 ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืžื•ืฆืข 94. ืฉื ื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ืžืคืกืคืก ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™. ื•ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ: ืžื—ื™ืจ. ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืฆืขื”, ืœื ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื”.

ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืœืฆื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื’ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ โ€” ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืืช ื›ืœ 13 ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืจื™ื›ื–ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” โ€” ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.

ืžืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื”?

ืขืฅ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžืชืื™ื

1

ืืชื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื?

ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืจื”

ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื” (ื”ื‘ื ืง ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื). ืœืฆื™ื“ื•: ืชื›ื•ืœื” + ืฆื“ ื’. ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ: ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช, ืฉืžืจื›ื–ืช ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืื—ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืข.

ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื

ืชื›ื•ืœื” โ€” ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ืคืฆื” ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”. ืœืฆื™ื“ื” ืฆื“ ื’, ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉืชื’ืจืžื• ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ืœืฉื›ื ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื” โ€” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”.

2

ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”?

ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ

ื‘ื“ืงื• ืฉื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืคืจื™ืฆื” ื•ืœื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืžืœื, ื•ืฉื”ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื โ€” ื“ืœืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืื–ืขืงื” โ€” ืจืฉื•ื ื‘ื”ืฆืขื”.

ืฆืคื•ืŸ / ื“ืจื•ื

ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื‘ืจ. ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื”.

ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื” / ื’ื‘ื•ืœ

ื ื–ืงื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžืคื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžืก ืจื›ื•ืฉ, ืœื ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”. ื‘ื“ืงื•: ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœื ื–ืง ืขืงื™ืฃ ื•ืœืชื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืคื™ื ื•ื™, ืื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฆื™ืขื”.

3

ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ ืขืจืš?

ื›ืŸ โ€” ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื, ืืžื ื•ืช, ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื™ืงืจ

ืœืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืชืงืจื” ืœืคืจื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ื“ื“, ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”. ืžื” ืฉืžืขืœื™ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ื˜, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉืžืื™. ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื” โ€” ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ืขืฆืจ ื‘ืชืงืจื”.

ืœื โ€” ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื—ืฉืžืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง. ื˜ื™ืค: ืฆืœืžื• ื•ืฉืžืจื• ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื (ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช) โ€” ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืงืฆืจ ืชื‘ื™ืขื”.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื - ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืจืžื•ืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™

ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื

ืชื›ื•ืœื” + ืฆื“ ื’. ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ื ื™ื.

ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื

ืžื‘ื ื” + ืชื›ื•ืœื” + ืฆื“ ื’ + ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”.

ืžื•ืจื—ื‘

ื›ืœ ื”ื "ืœ + ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืขืจืš, ืœื ื–ืงื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.

ืื™ืš ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื”?

5 ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืกื•ืš:

  1. 1
    ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช

    ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ื”ืŸ โ€” ืื—ืจืช ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื

  2. 2
    ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ (ืžื‘ื ื” + ืชื›ื•ืœื”)

    ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœืชืžื—ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ื”; ื›ืžื” โ€” ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆืขื”, ืœื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื•ืŸ

  3. 3
    ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ

    ืื–ืขืงื”, ื“ืœืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืกื•ืจื’ื™ื โ€” ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืจืง ืื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ื”ืฆืขื”

  4. 4
    ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘

    ื“ื™ืจื” + ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื›ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” โ€” ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื ื”ืฆืขื”, ืœื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

  5. 5
    ืกื›ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ื›ื•ืŸ

    ืœื ืœื‘ื˜ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ โ€” ื•ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื™, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ื’ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”

ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ืช

ืฉืœื‘ 1: ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืžื‘ื ื” (ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ) ื•ืœืชื›ื•ืœื” (ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ), ื•ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช โ€” ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”, ื ื–ืงื™ ืžื™ื, ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืขืจืš.

ืฉืœื‘ 2: ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื”, ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื โ€” ืชืฉืœื•ื, ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืžืขื ื” โ€” ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืื•ืชื ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.

ืฉืœื‘ 3: ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืืช ืชืงืจืช ืฆื“ ื’ ื•ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื โ€” ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ.

ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื? ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”, ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฆืขื•ืช โ€” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื” ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ืžืจืืฉ.

ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช?

ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืœืื•ืชื ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช

ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื

ืžืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืงืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืืžืช-ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืžืคืจืกืžืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘. ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2024 โ€” ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืœื. ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื ืžืชืคืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื; ื•ื–ื• ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื“ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”:

ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช โ€” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื”, ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช

ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืจืกื•ื ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžื•ืขืชืงื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื. ืืฃ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจื ื• โ€” ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”. ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืžืชื—ืชื™ื”.

ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื”: ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2024 ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคืจืกืžื” ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ
ืฉื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืชืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื™ืงืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืชืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™
AIG 98 95 100 83 83 98
ืฉื•ืžืจื” 93 91 94 79 88 80
ืœื™ื‘ืจื” 92 91 93 89 80 100
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ืงืœืื™ 88 91 84 84 95 66
ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ 94 90 98 79 85 82
ืฉืœืžื” 91 87 95 83 80 79
ื”ืจืืœ 89 87 92 82 89 100
ืžื ื•ืจื” 88 87 90 75 85 94
ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก 92 86 97 82 90 100
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจ 90 86 93 83 80 93
ื”ื›ืฉืจื” 92 85 98 75 91 83
ืžื’ื“ืœ 87 83 92 80 85 96
ื›ืœืœ 90 82 99 82 89 97
ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืฉื•ืง 918894818690

ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื”: ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ืžื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื ืžื•ืš.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื”

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชื›ื•ืœื”?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื” ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ โ€” ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ืชืงืจื”, ืจืฆืคื”, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืื™ื ืกื˜ืœืฆื™ื”, ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื•ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื โ€” ื•ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจ ืœืคื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ื— ืืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช โ€” ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื โ€” ืœืคื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืฆื”ืจืชื. ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื; ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื โ€” ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ?

ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื˜ื˜: ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืžืคื•ืจืกื, ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ืฆื”ืจืชื, ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ืžื”, ื”ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™-ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืื• ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ. ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช.

ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”?

ืœื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ โ€” ื–ื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื, ืขื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื ืคืจื“ืช ื•ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”. ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื–ื™ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื‘ืœื™ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™. ื ื–ืงื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืื™ื ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœ โ€” ื”ื ืžืคื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžืก ืจื›ื•ืฉ.

ืžื” ืžื›ืกื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื”?

ื ื–ืง ืฉื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ืืชื ื’ืจืžืชื ืœืื—ืจื™ื: ื ื–ื™ืœื” ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ืฉื’ืจืžื” ื ื–ืง ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืžืœืžื˜ื”, ืื• ืื•ืจื— ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”. ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช โ€” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืฉืœื โ€” ื•ืœื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื ื›ืื—ื“.

ืื™ื–ื• ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”?

ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื”ื ื›ืก. ืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืžื“ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช: ื‘ืžื“ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื 95 ื•ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœ-AIG, ืžื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข 88; ื‘ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืžื“ืช AIG, 100 ืœืขื•ืžืช 94 ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื“ื“ ื‘ืขืžื•ื“.

ื”ืื ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—?

ื›ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” โ€” ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื โ€” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ืคืฆื” ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•. ืœืฆื™ื“ื• ื›ื“ืื™ ืฆื“ ื’, ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉืชื’ืจืžื• ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ืœืฉื›ื ื™ื. ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื ืžื›ืจื™ื ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืชืฆื”ื™ืจื•.

ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื”ืงืฉืจ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช AIG?

ืจื™ื›ื–ื ื• ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ืฃ, ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืœืคื ื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉื”. ืœืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ AIG ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— โ†

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื